Other South African farmer groups have warned of potential devastation from the U.S. tariffs. Citrus growers, whose annual exports to the U.S. average $100 million, have said that tariffs could potentially hit 35,000 jobs in their industry.

Likhanya, a board member at Macadamias South Africa, the main industry body for growers, described the tariff stand-off as a “lose-lose” situation and hopes it can be resolved.